HOW THE MODIFICATION OF UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK PROGRAM INFLUENCED JAPANESE GEOPARKS

This study attempts to clarify how international discussions related UNESCO Global Geoparks were reflected in the geopark program in Japan by examining movements and discussions of international and regional organizations which took roles for the establishment of geopark initiatives, focusing up to 2015 when UNESCO officially launched the program. The process up to the establishment of UNESCO Global Geopark was divided into four stages including “geopark random activity period” which various international organizations committed its own “geopark activities”, and followed to “geopark integration period” which those activities integrated as one geopark program under UNESCO and all of them happened in less than 20 years. In Japan, geologists started domestic geopark program influenced by the international geopark movements. The time when they started and expanded geopark activities in Japan happened parallel to the “geopark random activity period” in international society. As a result, the geopark system in Japan resulted in emphasizing geological features compared to UNESCO Global Geoparks in terms of its evaluation and management even though Japan Geopark Committee take efforts to aim for the holistic geopark implementation in accordance with UNESCO Global Geoparks policy. This conclusion suggests a regional confusion due the fact that geopark as an international program changed its framework within a short period

「世界遺産観光」の在り方

世界遺産学入門 : 次世代への継

Radiotherapy for cancer using X-ray fluorescence emitted from iodine

Radiation treatment is popular and the apparatus is already available in many hospitals. Conventional radiation treatment by itself is not sufficient to achieve complete cure. Therefore, radiosensitizers have been developed to enhance the therapeutic effects of the treatment. The concept of radiosensitization with high-Z-elements was first considered many decades ago. However, radiosensitizers are not commonly used in the clinical setting. Here, we propose a radiotherapy method that utilizes fluorescent X-ray emissions from iodine. This approach should achieve a greater therapeutic effect than that of conventional radiotherapy treatments. In our radiotherapy, iomeprol was used as the iodine-donor. The X-ray apparatus with copper and aluminum filters could be used for the X-ray irradiation, the apparatus is not needed for exclusive use. The X-ray apparatus is only required to prepare the copper and aluminum filters. As proof-of-concept, we show that tumor growth was attenuated using this treatment with iomeprol

浄土景観の特徴と継承

生活と風景　風景・文化・信仰のダイアグラム　梗概集2019年度 日本造園学会　全国大会 ミニフォーラム開催日時：2019年5月26日(日) 16時40分～18時10分開催場所：筑波大

非ステロイド性抗炎症薬によって惹起された活性酸素種が光線力学療法効果を増強する

この博士論文は内容の要約のみの公開（または一部非公開）になっています筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Feature of Black Pine Landscape in the Urban Area of Sakata City, Yamagata Prefecture

クロマツ海岸林が形成されることで市街地が発展してきた山形県酒田市におけるクロマツの風景の特性を，海岸林の見える範囲（視覚の風景）およびその変遷（視覚と意味の風景）と身近な公共の場である神社境内地内の植栽林におけるクロマツ（意味の風景）から明らかにすることを目的とした。現地踏査および文献調査による結果，酒田では海岸林の見える範囲は狭いものの，自然発生的な海岸林利用の場を踏襲した海岸林の見える都市施設が整備されていた。また，神社植栽林においてクロマツが多く植えられていた。以上より，酒田では，視覚の風景を意味の風景が補っており，これによって地域特性とクロマツが結び付きやすい状況にあったといえる

風景・風景計画の整理

風景計画研究・事例報告会梗概集平成28年度日本造園学会 全国大会ミニフォーラム開催日時：平成28年5月29日（日）14:50～16:20開催場所：信州大学 松本キャンパ

風景計画の新しい観点

風景計画研究・事例報告会梗概集平成29年度日本造園学会 全国大会ミニフォーラム開催日時：平成29年5月21日（日）15:00～16:30開催場所：日本大学生物資源科学

Plasma and synovial fluid microRNAs as potential biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

[Introduction]: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small noncoding RNAs regulating the activities of target mRNAs and cellular processes, are present in human plasma in a stable form. In this study, we investigated whether miRNAs are also stably present in synovial fluids and whether plasma and synovial fluid miRNAs could be biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). [Methods]: We measured concentrations of miR-16, miR-132, miR-146a, miR-155 and miR-223 in synovial fluid from patients with RA and OA, and those in plasma from RA, OA and healthy controls (HCs) by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, miRNAs in the conditioned medium of synovial tissues, monolayer fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and mononuclear cells were examined. Correlations between miRNAs and biomarkers or disease activities of RA were statistically examined. [Results]: Synovial fluid miRNAs were present and as stable as plasma miRNAs for storage at -20°C and freeze-thawing from -20°C to 4°C. In RA and OA, synovial fluid concentrations of miR-16, miR-132, miR-146a, and miR-223 were significantly lower than their plasma concentrations, and there were no correlation between plasma and synovial fluid miRNAs. Interestingly, synovial tissues, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and mononuclear cells secreted miRNAs in distinct patterns. The expression patterns of miRNAs in synovial fluid of OA were similar to miRNAs secreted by synovial tissues. Synovial fluid miRNAs of RA were likely to originate from synovial tissues and infiltrating cells. Plasma miR-132 of HC was significantly higher than that of RA or OA with high diagnosability. Synovial fluid concentrations of miR-16, miR-146a miR-155 and miR-223 of RA were significantly higher than those of OA. Plasma miRNAs or ratio of synovial fluid miRNAs to plasma miRNAs, including miR-16 and miR-146a, significantly correlated with tender joint counts and 28-joint Disease Activity Score. [Conclusions]: Plasma miRNAs had distinct patterns from synovial fluid miRNAs, which appeared to originate from synovial tissue. Plasma miR-132 well differentiated HCs from patients with RA or OA, while synovial fluid miRNAs differentiated RA and OA. Furthermore, plasma miRNAs correlated with the disease activities of RA. Thus, synovial fluid and plasma miRNAs have potential as diagnostic biomarkers for RA and OA and as a tool for the analysis of their pathogenesis

The impact of concomitant Sjogren’s disease on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren’s Syndrome (SjS) frequently co-exist but the consequence for RA disease activity of having concomitant SjS (RA/SjS) is not well established. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of SjS on disease outcomes in individuals with RA. Methods: We searched Web of Science (Core Collection, FSTA, Medline), PubMed and Cochrane databases, without language restriction. Studies reporting RA disease activity scores, joint counts, visual analogue scales (VAS), disability and joint damage, and comparing RA and RA/SjS were selected. Outcomes reported in at least 3 studies in which the diagnosis of SjS fulfilled classification criteria underwent meta-analysis, using a random effects model where heterogeneity was detected.Results: The literature search identified 2991 articles and abstracts; 23 underwent full-text review and 16 were included. The studies included a total of 29722 patients (8614 with RA/SjS and 21108 with RA). Using studies eligible for meta-analysis (744 patients with RA/SjS and 4450 with RA), we found higher DAS-28 ESR scores (mean difference 0.50, 95% CI -0.008-1.006; p = 0.05), higher swollen joint count scores (mean difference 1.05, 95% CI 0.42-1.67; p = 0.001), and greater functional disability as measured by HAQ (mean difference 0.19, 95% CI 0.05-0.34; p=0.009) in RA/SjS compared to RA alone. Other outcome measures (tender joint count, fatigue VAS) showed a numerical trend towards higher scores in RA/SjS but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: RA/SjS patients appear to have higher disease activity and more functional disability than patients with RA alone. The aetiology and clinical implications of this are unclear and warrant further investigation.<br/